January, 2026 |
Annabel Noor Asyah, Viona Gunawan, M. Sulton Mawardi, Thalita Aurellia Alfiansyah, Mutiara Shafa Sabita, Jonathan Farez Satyadharma
This study finds that although each case exhibits distinct vulnerabilities, they all stem from the same structural problems: (i) environmental degradation, (ii) fragile household economies, and (iii) weak governance and social protection.