Policy Research
Social protection programs are underway to help assist individuals, households, and communities to better manage risk as well as to provide support to the chronically poor. In pre-crisis Indonesia, formal social protection programs hardly existed and most social protection was achieved through informal arrangements.
This paper examines the impact of export orientation, import competition, foreign ownership, and the rate of capital accumulation on the relative demand for skilled and unskilled labor in pre-crisis Indonesia.
Since the late 1980s, minimum wages have become an important plank of the Indonesian government's labour policy. Their levels have increased faster in real terms than those of average wages and per capita gross domestic product and, as a result, minimum wages have become binding for the majority of formal sector workers.
We extend the standard concept of static benefit incidence to dynamic benefit incidence––the relationship between program benefits and changes in household expenditures. Using panel data we compare the static and dynamic benefit incidence of two programs: sales of subsidized rice targeted on administrative criteria and a set of public employment schemes based on self-selection targeting.
After more than three decades under a centralized national government, Indonesia decided to implement a new policy of regional autonomy that became effective on January 1, 2001. This paper examines both the preparations for and the initial implementation of autonomy in the regions, as well as some of the conducted in fourteen districts across eleven provinces over to the last two years.
