East Nusa Tenggara

Marine protected areas have played an important role in conserving and restoring marine biodiversity that is threatened due to the climate change. Indonesia has expanded its marine protected areas, covering 411 locations with more than 28 million hectares (about 9% of its territorial waters). Managed by different types of government units (national and locals), Indonesian MPAs located mostly in regions where the communities have high poverty rate and high inequality index.

Indonesia is one among countries in the world with severe nutrititional status in the world with its stunting prevalence of around 31%. This is not directly proportional to the government’s increased expenditure in their nutrition improvement attempt that it gives rise to a question on the effectiveness of the interventions they have made.

This article shows how the Indonesian new developmental state addresses gender equality and women’s empowerment in its effort to institutionalise a participatory approach in the state bureaucracy. It pays attention to the way the new developmental ideology has shaped participatory governance policy as an instrument of village development instead of deepening democracy and reworking the structure of traditional gender relations.

This article is only available in Bahasa Indonesia.