The Indonesian experience of implementing social protection programs during the economic crisis of the late 1990s and also during the post-crisis period shows that targeting in programs of this kind is always difficult. As a consequence, social protection programs always suffer from the problems of undercoverage and leakage at the same time. Both problems cause these programs to become less effective and less efficient than they have potential to be (Sumarto et al. 2002). Hence there is a clear need to improve targeting at two levels simultaneously: the geographic and the individual levels. This paper describes attempts to develop more effective targeting tools than those already in use in Indonesia.