Policy Research
This publication is only available in Indonesian
Dependence on cash transfer programs, either universal basic income, targeted conditional, or unconditional programs, could produce an undesirable behavioral response among the beneficiaries. Potential adverse outcomes include reduced labor market participation, reduced economic activity, lack of insurance or savings, or increased risky health behavior, such as smoking.
Greater female labour market participation has important positive implications not only for women’s empowerment and the well-being of their families but also for the economy they live in. In this paper, we examine the various effects of internet availability on women’s labour market outcomes in Indonesia.
The Indonesian Government continues to improve its social protection system to ensure the welfare of all citizens in accordance with the mandate of the constitution. Among the population groups that require special attention in the social protection system is the elderly.
Governments seeking to provide food assistance have a choice between providing in-kind food directly to beneficiaries, or providing vouchers that can be used to purchase food on the market.
