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This study intended to provide an initial assessment on its early implementation, focusing mainly on maternal and child health (MCH) issues, in an attempt to provide policy recommendations at the national level.

As a follow-up to the working paper on ‘Multidimensional Child Poverty for Children Under-5 Years Old’, this study provides an update and extends the analysis of children suffering multiple deprivations. This quantitative analysis is also able to further develop an Indonesian specific Multiple Overlapping Deprivations Approach (MODA), initiated by UNICEF.

This study aims to better understand the scale and nature of poverty and exclusion affecting children in urban areas.


This study investigated factors that are important for fostering movement out of poverty, and the factors that limit the ability of PKH households to move out of poverty.