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Social policies in Indonesia have changed from being small and unimportant in the early period to becoming prominent currently. Their role increases along with the improvement of the economy, allowing for a shift from a Bismarckian model of welfare to one that is more inclusive. Several crises boosted the importance of social policies and the efforts to mitigate their social impact.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, social assistance, exclusion error, inclusion error, social protection
This article originally published in The Conversation Indonesia and only available in Indonesian.
The women participating in the FGD handed their children mobile devices to keep them settled. They kept track of how much water their children drank and even shared their own drinking water with them.
The success of Indonesia’s energy transition depends on translating the national agenda into regional development planning.
